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April 22, 2007

Melamine Found In California Pork; FDA Launches Criminal Investigation

[litbrit wonders why this isn't front-page news...yet.]

I've been following the pet food poisoning story for a while, and with the advent of last week's revelation that not only wheat gluten, but also corn gluten and rice protein concentrate--all imported from China, all used in pet food, animal feed, and human food--had tested positive for melamine and may have been introduced into the human food supply, I knew it was only a matter of time before this happened: melamine has indeed been detected in the feed and body fluids of pigs meant for human consumption, and California authorities have issued both a quarantine and an advisory to not consume pork from at least one farm (along with weak assurances that eating pork tainted with the industrial chemical poses only "minimal" health risks); others may follow, since the tainted feed was also shipped to New York.

A hazardous chemical believed to have killed scores of pets nationwide has been found in California and New York hog farms, raising concerns for the first time that it could have been consumed by humans.

[.....]

California authorities have quarantined American Hog Farm, in Ceres  south of Sacramento, after melamine was detected in a least seven urine samples and three samples of the animal's food, news report said.

California officials and are trying to trace what happened to slaughtered animals.

      

About 100 pigs were killed on-site and sold privately, Don Agresti, co-owner of the farm, told The Oregonian.

 

American Hog Farm is a speciality operation in which people actually pick pigs for consumption and have them killed at a special slaughterhouse. The company's license requires that the meat must be stamped "not for resale."

 

California officials are conducting tests, trying to determine whether there was any melamine in the meat of the animals. They've warned people not to eat any pork purchased from the farm.

Meanwhile, the FDA has opened a criminal investigation into the melamine-tainting disaster (emphasis mine):

The Food and Drug Administration has opened a criminal investigation in the widening pet food contamination scandal, officials said yesterday, as it was confirmed that tainted pork might have made its way onto human dinner plates in California.

[.....]

Late Thursday, Royal Canin USA became the most recent company to recall pet foods. Some of its brands were contaminated with rice protein concentrate. Its South African subsidiary said contaminated corn gluten had been linked to the deaths of 30 pets there.

Five companies received the contaminated Chinese rice protein concentrate. Three firms have identified themselves by announcing recalls; the other two are not publicly known because the FDA will not name them until the companies say they used contaminants in their products.

 

Crossposted at litbrit and Shakesville.

April 22, 2007 in Health and Medicine | Permalink

Comments

Good Lord. what a mess.

Posted by: jacqueline | Apr 22, 2007 12:03:22 PM

Molly Ivins wrote back in 2000 that if Bush was elected, we should all go vegetarian.

Arsenic in chicken feed:

"[S]ome of the 2.2 million lb of roxarsone mixed in the nation's chicken feed each year converts into inorganic arsenic within the bird, and the rest is transformed into inorganic forms after the bird excretes it. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause bladder, lung, skin, kidney, and colon cancer, as well as deleterious immunological, neurological, and endocrine effects. Low-level exposures can lead to partial paralysis and diabetes. 'None of this was known in the 1950s when arsenicals were first approved for use in poultry,' says Ellen K. Silbergeld, a toxicologist at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. ... Even though the drinking water standard for arsenic has been strengthened, the standards for arsenic residues in poultry-2,000 ppb for liver and 500 ppb for muscle-have remained unchanged for decades. ... Chicken manure introduces huge quantities of arsenic to agricultural fields. "

http://pubs.acs.org/cen/government/85/8515gov2.html

Posted by: Gore/Edwards 08 | Apr 22, 2007 12:35:55 PM

I've been a vegetarian since 1981, with the exception of 2004-2006, when I ate chicken and turkey. But I've gone back to no-flesh again, since I can't keep up with all the carcinogens and hormones in poultry and mercury in fish.

It is indeed a mess. And I'm really upset that this melamine poisoning isn't getting more press--did people really think it would be confined to pet food only?

It's like the situation with the bees: canaries, people! Canaries in a globalized corporate coalmine!

Posted by: litbrit | Apr 22, 2007 12:58:57 PM

Why are those "weak assurances?" Do you have any reason to doubt what the California Department of Health is saying? Based on what I've looked up about melamine, it is supposed to be minimally toxic at low doses. I'm not saying it should be in our food, but there's no point in exaggerating the risks involved.

Posted by: Andrew Myers | Apr 22, 2007 1:39:18 PM

"do you have any reason to doubt what the california dept of health is saying?"

of course not.
why would anyone doubt what the california department of health is saying, or for that matter, the fda, or any part of our government?

.....on what grounds would we doubt the validity of the information we are being given?

(i will feel reassured about that when pigs fly with melamine wings)

Posted by: jacqueline | Apr 22, 2007 1:52:24 PM

and it is good to know that for anyone eating pork chops with a sprinkling of melamine... it is know it is only minimally toxic at very low doses.
perhaps, even deep-fry it to lock in the carcinogenic goodness.
yummy!!
....what a treat for the colon.
....soon we will all be sharing bio-dynamic lettuce leaves from a little patch somewhere...or martian and lunar lettuce after we have sufficiently destroyed our planet.
...maybe not in my lifetime, but i bet they will be flying in lunar foodstuffs and flowers just like they fly our grapes and plums in from chile.

Posted by: jacqueline | Apr 22, 2007 1:59:29 PM

@ jacqueline: The FDA and a CA State agency are separate entities. And unless you've got some hard information that the latter is as bad as the former, dismissing them out of hand just because they're "The Government" seems a little unfair.

Government agencies are not monoliths of evil. They are large, underfunded, bureaucratic entities that have a mandate to do much but don't have the ability to follow through. They do not pay market wages, so they don't always attract the kind of top talent they need to fulfill their stated mission. In this administration, they have to deal with the fact that their political appointees at the top are more interested in helping businesses, not promoting the public welfare. And, of course, the businesses they want to regulate are not exactly cooperative.

So -- yes, government agencies tend to suck at what they do. Given the problems that they face, it's no surprise. But as crippled as they are, they are -- or could be, under a different Administration -- part of the solution, not part of the problem. Sarcastically suggesting that nothing the government says or does should be trusted doesn't really help matters.

(I have family members who work for both the federal and state governments, one is even a health & safety inspector, so yes, I am a bit biased here)

Posted by: fiat lux | Apr 22, 2007 2:19:38 PM

they are large, bureaucratic, underfunded entities that have a mandate to do much but dont have the ability to follow through.."

that is not at all reassuring.
for all the reasons you suggest, i think it is hard to trust these agencies. i do know they are separate entities.
the fact that there are concerned and ethical people working in these places doesnt change my sense of mistrust in their facts or the transparent dissemination of information.
...frankly, i dont trust this recent information issued by the california health authorities.
why should concerns be quelled if they dont have the facts? especially after the scope of information that came out after the pet scare scandal.
....i also think that the way the fda has handled the pet food crisis is unconscionable.
....if my pet was one of the terribly unfortunate ones that died of kidney failure, i would not be cynically sarcastic, i would be understandably enraged.

Posted by: jacqueline | Apr 22, 2007 2:41:10 PM

I'm suspicious of the "corn" gluten story from South Africa, even though I see it's spread around to a number of news sources, because it could easily arise from linguistic confusion. What Americans call corn is called maize in England and some other English-speaking parts of the world. "Corn" is a more general term for grain, and a "corn field" in England means a field of grain such as wheat, barley or oats.
Furthermore, the protein in maize that is analogous to gluten is not called gluten: this term is reserved for proteins in wheat, oats, barley and rye. A quick google search shows that the term "maize" is in currency in South Africa. It seems possible that an original South African story about contaminated corn gluten could have been read by US sources as meaning something other than what the writer intended.

Posted by: Bill Thurston | Apr 22, 2007 2:46:38 PM

Bill,

It may be that the contaminated gluten in South Africa is not what we in the USA would call "corn." But I'm not sure how it matters, or really what is actually changed by whatever confusion there may have been.

Gluten of some sort is apparently contaminated with melamine in South Africa as well. So this looks like a fairly widespread problem, which was the point of the story.

Further, it's technically incorrect to refer to rye, oat or barley "gluten" as well, so I don't know why we should draw the line at corn/maize. The point is that protein sources from several different types of plants have been contaminated with melamine. Calling them all "gluten" is useful to laypersons, even if agricultural professionals bristle at the term.

Posted by: Stephen | Apr 22, 2007 3:20:39 PM

"...contaminated with melamine."

I find it hard to imagine the circumstances in which this should not be "adulterated" rather than "contaminated". Help me out here.

Posted by: bob mcmanus | Apr 22, 2007 3:42:21 PM

bob,

Don't read too much into my word choice; I actually prefer "poisoned with melamine," which may indicate a level of intent beyond your own impression.

Posted by: Stephen | Apr 22, 2007 4:48:15 PM

Stephen is correct. Technically, true gluten comes from wheat, rye, and barley. The rice protein and corn "gluten" that are referred to in exactly that manner by various media, including the Boston Globe and The Washington Post, are actually protein concentrates.

It's curious how many people jump to the defense of those who are entrusted with keeping our food supply safe yet are permitting our animals--food animals and companion animals alike--to serve, quite literally, as lab rats, if not canaries, and who balk at the notion that GM foods and meat from cloned animals should be labeled as such so consumers can make their own choices.

There is a lot of obfuscation going on.

Here is what veterinarian Dr. Michael Fox has to say:

Until there is evidence to the contrary, the following concerns remain to be addressed by the FDA.

1. The wheat gluten imported from China was not for human consumption, because, I believe, it had been genetically engineered. The FDA has a wholly cavalier attitude toward feeding animals such ‘frankenfoods’ but places some restrictions when human consumption is involved (yet refuses appropriate food labeling).

2. The ‘rat poison’ aminopterin is used in molecular biology as an anti-metabolite, folate antagonist, and in genetic engineering biotechnology as a genetic marker. This could account for its presence in this imported wheat gluten.

3. The ‘plastic’, ‘wood preservative’, contaminant melamine, the parent chemical for a potent insecticide cyromazine, could possibly have been manufactured WITHIN the wheat plants themselves as a genetically engineered pesticide. This is much like the Bt. insecticidal poison present in most US commodity crops that go into animal feed.

4.So called ‘overexpression’ can occur when spliced genes that synthesize such chemicals become hyperactive inside the plant and result in potentially toxic plant tissues, lethal not just to meal worms and other crop pests, but to cats, dogs, birds, butterflies and other wildlife; and to their creators.

My suspicion is that the FDA was aware that the gluten came from genetically engineered wheat that was considered safe for animal consumption. To admit that the gluten came from a genetically engineered food crop could harm the US agricultural biotechnology industry by raising valid consumer concerns: So better for the FDA to focus on the melamine question.

I could be wrong. But a greater wrong is surely for the pet food industry to use food ingredients and food and beverage industry by-products considered unfit for human consumption; to continue to do business without any adequate government oversight and inspection; and for government to give greater priority and support to agricultural biotechnology ( that requires far more food quality and safety tests and surveillance than conventional crops--- all at the public’s expense)---than to organic, humane, ecologically sound farming practices.

Posted by: litbrit | Apr 22, 2007 5:02:07 PM

I would like to add that I recently spent the past month in San Francisco, with my girlfriend. We ate nearly every meal at home -- healthy food we cooked from fresh ingredients we picked ourselves from a good local market and very reputable grocery store. Many of our meals involved pork -- either in the form of pork tenderloin, italian sausage, prosciutto, mortadella, or pork chops. We eating a lot of pork because it is cheaper than beef, lamb, and fish (our favorites), and more flavorful than chicken. We are also a bit freaked by all the salmonella problems in our industrialized chicken food supply. We are really good cooks, and careful with what we eat. And we never ate so well as we did this past month. But for some reason we were feeling sick nearly the whole time -- like something we ate was spoiled. Specifically, we had lots of gas. Nearly the whole month. Our tummies wouldn't stop gurgling. We were also strangely thirsty, but that symptom was not evident enough to associate this with what else was going on in our stomachs. It's now been several days since we last ate pork, and the problems in our stomachs have gone away. Now that the news is out about the pork, I fully expect to learn that the melamine has in fact made its way into the pork supply. Of course some other explanation is possible, but it really did seem like something we were eating was giving us the problems. And everything was fresh and good. Melamine in the pork would explain all the strange circumstances. If our problems had happened when we were eating out more often like we usually do, I wouldn't hesitate to attribute them to poor quality in restaurant kitchens. But since we personally picked, inspected, and prepared all the food we were putting into our stomachs when we experienced the symptoms, we've been looking for some other answer. Maybe this is it. Has anyone else experienced anything similar?

Posted by: caPorkGas | Apr 26, 2007 12:50:22 AM

I really hope this is confined to CA and NY - new woes for a global society...

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Posted by: bvgfdsjhw | Oct 22, 2007 3:27:43 AM

I'm telling you, this whole melamine business is getting ridiculous, and people don't believe that the poison is an actual threat to humans. I've been hearing that melamine is used in an adhesive to bind paper coffee cups together. It's heat-sensitive, so it dissolves slightly every time a hot beverage touches it. This means that, each time you drink from a paper coffee cup, you're being poisoned a little bit. I'm not sure what to make of it, but I know melamine is a real threat. Can someone check cupofdeath.com and verify this?

Posted by: queenbee | Nov 18, 2007 1:36:11 PM

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